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The drone industry has been getting significant attention as a model of manufacturing, service and delivery convergence, introducing synergy with the coexistence of different emerging domains. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have come in a great diversity of several applications such as military, construction, image and video mapping, medical, search and rescue, parcel delivery, hidden area exploration, oil rigs and power line monitoring, precision farming, wireless communication and aerial surveillance.
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In the final section, we have briefly discussed future research directions. We've also addressed a number of difficulties and solutions for safe operation. The classification and types of UAVs, as well as various battery charging methods, are all discussed in this paper. In this review, we have also examined the most emerging charging techniques for UAVs such as laser power transfer (LPT), distributed laser charging (DLC), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and simultaneous light wave information and power transfer (SLIPT). In the past, several research surveys have focused on crucial aspects of wireless UAV charging. Wired and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems have emerged as viable options to successfully solve this difficulty. There is a need to study multi-UAV charging systems to overcome battery capacity limitations, allowing UAVs to be used for a variety of services while saving time and human resources. UAVs' mission length and travel distance are constrained by their low battery endurance. One of the most difficult and time-consuming tasks is charging UAVs. Despite the fact that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are gaining popularity in both military and civilian applications, they have a number of limitations and critical problems that must be addressed in order for missions to be effective. Similarly, UAV-assisted monitoring approaches will automate the inspection process, lowering mission costs, increasing access to remote locations and saving time and energy. UAVs are expected to become a mainstream delivery element by 2040 to address the ever-increasing demand for delivery services. The groundbreaking Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) technology has gained significant attention from both academia and industrial experts due to several applications, such as military missions, power lines inspection, precision agriculture, remote sensing, delivery services, traffic monitoring and many more. Thus, the battery of the base station can be safely recharged. This charging period is shorter than the mission cycle of the drone, wherein one mission cycle is planned every six hours to collect the data of the sensor nodes distributed in the farm field. The solar panels are sufficient for fully charging the battery of the base station with the required charging voltage (i.e., 24 V) and current (1.667 A) in less than 4.8 h. The battery supplies the ZVS oscillator circuit and the FSC with DC power during the drone's landing. The solar panels are used to charge the base station battery through the DC-DC converter and charger controller. Otherwise, the FSR sensor turns off the charging circuit to keep the ZVS oscillator circuit and the FSC in the off state during a drone mission in the farm field and to save the energy of the base station's battery. When the drone lands on the station, the FSR sensor senses the weight of the drone and turns on the charging circuit. to face the sun (iv) A rechargeable 24 V/7 Ah battery (v) An LM2596 DC-DC converter (vi) A battery charger controller, and (vii) A force-sensitive resistor (FSR) to switch the drone charging on and off.The base station consists of: (i) A 50 cm × 50 cm FSC WPT pad for landing and takeoff (ii) An FSC WPT coil with a 1 A/12-30 V DC input ZVS oscillator circuit (iii) Two 2 × 30 W 60 W/36 V solar panels positioned on the left and right sides of the station frame with an inclination of 30 The height of the station is 2.7 m from the ground.